译语翻译分享-是什么造成了芯片短缺?

新冠病毒最初是导致汽车销量下滑的直接原因，降幅高达50%，毕竟在疫情请假大多数人都减少了外出出行，对经济的信心也很低，汽车公司的反应是缩减生产规模，减少零部件订单

The new crown virus was the direct cause of the decline in car sales at first, and the decline was as high as 50%. After all, most people who took leave during the epidemic reduced their travel and their confidence in the economy was also very low. The response of auto companies was to reduce production scale and reduce parts and components Order.

而这其中包括大量的电脑芯片，因为现代汽车上散落着数百个电脑芯片，用于控制从刹车到转向和引擎管理的一切。根据英国研究公司IHS Markit的数据，其结果是，2021年第一季度的汽车产量将比往常减少67.2万辆。

And this includes a large number of computer chips, because hundreds of computer chips are scattered on modern cars, which are used to control everything from braking to steering and engine management. According to data from the British research company IHS Markit, as a result, vehicle production in the first quarter of 2021 will be 672,000 less than usual.

与此同时，人们争相购买笔记本电脑和智能手机等家庭办公用品，在家办公成为了2020年的关键词。除此之外，人们对游戏机也有过类似的抢购，至少在家的无聊时间能有点东西打发一下时间。

At the same time, people are rushing to buy home office supplies such as laptops and smart phones. Working at home has become a key word in 2020. In addition, people have similarly snapped up game consoles, at least there is something to pass the time in the boring time at home.

于是，为制造商提供芯片的大型工厂从生产汽车零部件转向生产智能手机、笔记本电脑和平板电脑芯片。事实上，就总销量而言，产量比以往任何时候都要强劲，而问题在于供需。半导体工业协会(SIA)表示，2021年1月芯片销售额达到400亿美元，比去年同期增长13.2%。

As a result, large factories that provide chips for manufacturers shifted from producing auto parts to producing chips for smartphones, laptops, and tablets. In fact, in terms of total sales, production is stronger than ever, and the problem lies in supply and demand. According to the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), chip sales reached US$40 billion in January 2021, an increase of 13.2% over the same period last year.

现在，汽车销量再次回升，结果怎样大家也看到了。几个行业的公司都在努力争取在工厂订单簿上名列前茅。

Now, car sales are picking up again, and everyone has seen the result. Companies in several industries are striving to be among the best in the factory order book.

Which manufacturers are affected?

目前看来，福特(Ford)、丰田(Toyota)和大众(Volkswagen)等汽车制造商近几个月都部分关闭了工厂，因为它们无法获得生产汽车所需的芯片。

It now appears that automakers such as Ford, Toyota and Volkswagen have partially closed their factories in recent months because they cannot obtain the chips needed to produce cars.

索尼(Sony)未能像其希望的那样生产那么多PS5游戏机，而微软(Microsoft)正在削减Xbox Series X的产量，三星(Samsung)也在考虑推迟推出Galaxy Note手机。

Sony has failed to produce as many PS5 game consoles as it hoped, while Microsoft is cutting production of Xbox Series X, and Samsung is also considering delaying the launch of Galaxy Note phones.

 How long will it last?

一些分析师认为，制造业要回到正轨最多需要一年的时间，各家公司的库存水平要回到正常水平还需要六个月的时间。美国芯片制造商博通(Broadcom)表示，其2021年产量的90%已经被预定。

Some analysts believe that it will take up to a year for the manufacturing industry to get back on track, and it will take up to six months for each company's inventory levels to return to normal levels. US chip maker Broadcom (Broadcom) said that 90% of its 2021 output has already been scheduled.

其他数据显示，芯片行业近年来一直在接近其全部产能，所以在某种程度上这是可以预期的，没有足够的缓冲来处理需求的波动。事实上，“芯片饥荒”以前发生过好几次，通常是由于灾难，但有时是由于新技术需要更新工厂。

Other data show that the chip industry has been approaching its full capacity in recent years, so to some extent this can be expected, and there is not enough buffer to deal with fluctuations in demand. In fact, the "chip famine" has occurred several times before, usually due to disasters, but sometimes due to the need to update factories with new technologies.

无论如何，工厂现在都在提高产能，但这需要一段时间才能产生很大效果。制造一个芯片需要26周的时间，而制造某些产品需要超过1000个步骤。

In any case, the factory is now increasing its production capacity, but it will take some time to produce great results. It takes 26 weeks to manufacture a chip, and some products require more than 1,000 steps.

 

From website: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/