译语翻译分享-【物理科普】带你了解生物安全等级

 

哪种病毒最为可怕？科学界对此有一个具体的安全等级划分

Which virus is the most terrifying? The scientific community has a specific security classification for this

生物安全等级一共有四级，其危害程度也是逐级递增的。一级安全等级是最低的安全等级，其代表性病毒为麻疹病毒与腮腺炎病毒。

There are a total of four levels of biological safety, and the degree of harm is gradually increasing. The first level of security is the lowest level of security, and its representative viruses are measles virus and mumps virus.

儿童麻疹

Measles in children

这类疾病本身危险性并不大，治疗起来也不困难，但麻烦的一点就在于其传染性较强，特别是到了一定的季节，就会出现集中性病患增加的情况，因此做好疾病的宣传与防护知识普及就很重要。而引起这类疾病的病毒则属于生物一级安全等级，对人类的危害性较小，科研人员在进行研究时不需要穿戴特殊的安全保护设施，也无需储藏在生物安全柜中。

This type of disease itself is not very dangerous, and it is not difficult to treat, but the trouble is that it is highly contagious, especially in a certain season, there will be an increase in concentrated patients, so take care of the disease Propaganda and popularization of protection knowledge are very important. The viruses that cause such diseases belong to the first-level biological safety level and are less harmful to humans. Researchers do not need to wear special safety protection facilities when conducting research, nor do they need to be stored in biological safety cabinets.

 

生物二级安全等级

Biological safety level II

相比于一级安全等级，二级安全等级的生物是指具有中等程度危险并能够引起人类疾病一类生物的总称，其代表性病毒是流感病毒。

Compared with the first-level security level, the second-level security level organisms refer to the general term for the type of organisms that are moderately dangerous and can cause human diseases. The representative virus is the influenza virus.

流感病毒是人们最为熟知的病毒之一，它主要分为三类，即甲、乙、丙三类流感。其中甲、乙两类流感病毒是人类最常感染的流感病毒。

Influenza virus is one of the most well-known viruses. It is mainly divided into three categories, namely influenza A, B and C. Among them, two types of influenza viruses, A and B, are the influenza viruses most commonly infected by humans.

另外具有代表性的甲型流感病毒则是H1N1甲型流感，也就是人们俗称的猪流感

Another representative influenza A virus is H1N1 influenza A, which is commonly known as swine flu.

相比于甲型流感病毒，乙型流感病毒其危险性较小，传播性也较小，往往只能引起局部地区的传染。乙型流感俗称流行性感冒，是大众非常常见的一种疾病，往往在换季时机出现并流行。

Compared with type A influenza virus, type B influenza virus is less dangerous and less transmissible, and can only cause local infections. Influenza B, commonly known as influenza, is a very common disease among the general public, and it often appears and spreads when the season changes.

而丙型流感是流感病毒中对人类危害最小的，它往往只能引起一些轻微的上呼吸道感染，极少造成例如甲乙型流感引起的大规模传染。而近年来科学家又发现了牛流感病毒，并将其归为丁型，其主要感染对象为牛，暂未发现对人类产生过危险。

Influenza C is the least harmful to humans among the influenza viruses. It can often only cause some mild upper respiratory tract infections, and rarely cause large-scale infections such as influenza A and B. In recent years, scientists have discovered the bovine influenza virus and classified it as type D. The main target of infection is cattle, and no danger to humans has been found for the time being.

 

生物三级安全等级

Biological safety level III

被划为生物三级安全等级的病毒是能够给人类社会带来严重危害程度的生物病毒，它不但具有很强的传染性，而且致死率也比二级安全等级的病毒要高，研究这类病毒的科研人员需要采取非常严格的安全保护措施，自己本身不能暴露在病毒面前，必须穿戴防护服，操作也需经过严格的培训并按照操作手续来进行，同时实验室安全等级也很高，必须做到病毒不能外泄。总而言之，这个等级的病毒相比于前二者其危害性与防护等级都有了显著的提高，是人类需要重点防护的对象之一，代表性的病毒是HIV病毒、狂犬病毒与SARS病毒等。

Viruses classified as the third level of biological security are biological viruses that can cause serious harm to human society. Not only are they highly infectious, but they also have a higher lethality rate than viruses with second-level security. Research on this type of virus. Virus scientific research personnel need to take very strict safety protection measures. They must not be exposed to the virus themselves. They must wear protective clothing. The operation also needs to go through strict training and follow the operating procedures. At the same time, the laboratory safety level is also very high. Make sure that the virus cannot leak out. All in all, compared with the previous two, this level of virus has significantly improved its hazard and protection level. It is one of the key objects that humans need to protect. The representative viruses are HIV, rabies, and SARS.

HIV病毒即人们所熟知的艾滋病病毒，全名人类免疫缺陷病毒，是造成人类免疫系统缺陷的一种病毒。

HIV virus is known as AIDS virus, its full name is human immunodeficiency virus, and it is a virus that causes defects in the human immune system.

狂犬病毒亦是人们非常熟知的病毒之一，其不但潜伏期长，且致死率高达100%，一旦发病则无力回天，是一种非常可怕的病毒。

Rabies virus is also one of the most well-known viruses. It not only has a long incubation period, but also has a lethality rate of 100%. Once it occurs, it will be unable to recover. It is a very terrible virus.

SARS病毒即我们非常熟知的非典，全名为重症急性呼吸综合征，是一种由冠状病毒引起的呼吸道传染病。SARS的特点是传染性强，致死率高，传播速度也很快，能够引起高热、咳嗽及一系列呼吸系统疾病。

SARS virus is the SARS virus that we are very familiar with. Its full name is severe acute respiratory syndrome. It is a respiratory infectious disease caused by a coronavirus. SARS is characterized by strong contagion, high fatality rate, and rapid spread, which can cause high fever, cough and a series of respiratory diseases.

 

生物四级安全等级

Biological safety level IV

这类病毒以极强的传染性，高致死率以及现如今并没有有效疫苗或者治疗方法来应对而闻名，因此 被归为四级安全等级，即最高的安全等级，其代表性的病毒为埃博拉病毒与马尔堡病毒。

This type of virus is known for its extremely infectious, high fatality rate, and no effective vaccine or treatment method to deal with it. Therefore, it is classified as a four-level security level, the highest security level, and its representative virus is Egypt. Bora virus and Marburg virus.

 

From website: https://www.sohu.com/