夏天来了，“胖友”必看：减重手术真的靠谱吗？

 

都说“五月不减肥，六月徒伤悲”，立夏已过， “减肥”成为不少人挂在嘴边的话题。但你的身材真的需要减肥吗？超重又会带来哪些身体疾病？减重手术是什么？在这个减肥季，一起来听听专家眼中的“减肥那些事”。

They all say "I don't lose weight in May, but I am sad in June." Lixia is over, and "weight loss" has become a topic that many people talk about. But does your body really need to lose weight? What physical diseases does being overweight bring? What is bariatric surgery? In this weight loss season, let's listen to the "weight loss things" in the eyes of experts.

A4腰、反手摸肚脐、锁骨放硬币……真正衡量减肥的标准可不是这些。陆军军医大学陆军特色医学中心（大坪医院）普通外科副主任李凡介绍，临床上有很多科学指标可以用来衡量一个人是否超重，最常见的就是体质指数BMI，其数值是用体重除以身高的平方。当一个人的BMI大于25时，即可确认为超重；当BMI大于27.5时，就可确认为肥胖。除此之外，当男性腰围大于90公分，女性腰围大于85公分时，也可以判断为肥胖。

A4 waist, backhand touch the belly button, clavicle put a coin... These are not the true criteria for measuring weight loss. According to Li Fan, deputy director of general surgery at the Army Special Medical Center (Daping Hospital) of the Army Military Medical University, there are many scientific indicators that can be used to measure whether a person is overweight in clinical practice. The most common is the body mass index BMI, which is divided by weight by height. squared. When a person's BMI is greater than 25, it can be recognized as overweight; when a person's BMI is greater than 27.5, it can be recognized as obesity. In addition, when the waist circumference of men is greater than 90 cm and the waist circumference of women is greater than 85 cm, it can also be judged as obese.

国家卫生健康委发布的《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告（2020年）》显示，近年来，城乡各年龄组居民超重肥胖率持续攀升。超过50%的成年居民超重或肥胖，6-17岁、6岁以下儿童青少年超重肥胖率分别达到19%和10.4%，居民超重肥胖问题不断凸显。

The "Report on Nutrition and Chronic Disease Status of Chinese Residents (2020)" issued by the National Health Commission shows that in recent years, the overweight and obesity rates of residents of all age groups in urban and rural areas have continued to rise. More than 50% of adult residents are overweight or obese, and the overweight and obesity rates of children and adolescents aged 6-17 and under 6 have reached 19% and 10.4% respectively. The problem of overweight and obesity among residents has become increasingly prominent.

“尤其是患者的BMI大于35，达到重度肥胖标准时，就容易引起心血管疾病、关节炎、睡眠呼吸障碍，以及与肾脏、代谢相关的疾病。如果患者能够通过控制饮食，增强运动或者其他的方法成功减重，就能在不同程度的缓解这些疾病。”李凡说。

"Especially if the patient's BMI is greater than 35, when it reaches the standard of severe obesity, it is likely to cause cardiovascular disease, arthritis, sleep disordered breathing, and kidney and metabolism-related diseases. If the patient can control diet, strengthen exercise or other methods Successful weight loss can alleviate these diseases to varying degrees." Li Fan said.

如今市面上的减肥手段五花八门，吸脂手术、针灸减肥、拔罐减肥等宣传屡见不鲜，而减重代谢手术在国内受到的关注度也越来越高。陆军军医大学陆军特色医学中心（大坪医院）普通外科主任童卫东介绍：“减重代谢手术是作用于人体的胃和肠道。比如让胃缩小，把肠道的结构做一个调整，从而影响人的神经内分泌功能，从根本上达到控制食欲，减少能量吸收的效果。”

Nowadays, there are various ways to lose weight on the market, such as liposuction, acupuncture and cupping, etc., and the promotion of weight loss and metabolic surgery is getting more and more attention in China. Tong Weidong, director of general surgery at the Army Special Medical Center (Daping Hospital) of the Army Military Medical University, said: "Weight loss metabolic surgery acts on the human stomach and intestines. For example, the stomach shrinks and the structure of the intestines is adjusted to affect human health. The neuroendocrine function fundamentally achieves the effect of controlling appetite and reducing energy absorption."

那么这些减肥手段之间有什么区别呢？童卫东表示，吸脂、针灸、拔火罐等减肥方法与医学上的减重代谢手术完全是两个概念。“减重代谢手术不仅能够减轻患者体重，且对其患有的高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、血脂紊乱等代谢综合征都会带来全身性的改善。而吸脂、针灸、拔火罐等手段只能作用于人体局部，并不会对全身的神经内分泌和代谢调节起到作用。一个是针对人整体的健康，一个是针对局部的美观，减重理念完全不一样。” 童卫东说。

So what is the difference between these weight loss methods? Tong Weidong said that weight loss methods such as liposuction, acupuncture, cupping, and medical weight loss and metabolic surgery are completely two concepts. "Weight loss metabolic surgery can not only reduce the weight of patients, but also bring systemic improvements to metabolic syndromes such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and dyslipidemia. However, liposuction, acupuncture, cupping and other methods can only Acting on parts of the human body does not affect the neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation of the whole body. One is for the overall health of the human, and the other is for the local beauty. The concept of weight loss is completely different." Tong Weidong said.

什么样的人适合做减重代谢手术呢？童卫东认为，当BMI超过35时，患者必须要做减重代谢手术。此时患者已经达到病理性肥胖的标准，如不进行手术，将会带来无数的并发症，同时会大大缩短人的寿命。当患者的BMI在35以下，但出现腰围超标或患有代谢综合征的情况时，医生也会考虑建议他们做减重代谢手术。

What kind of person is suitable for weight loss metabolic surgery? Tong Weidong believes that when BMI exceeds 35, patients must undergo weight-loss metabolic surgery. At this time, the patient has reached the standard of pathological obesity. If the operation is not performed, it will bring countless complications and greatly shorten the lifespan of the person. When the patient's BMI is below 35, but the waist circumference exceeds the standard or suffers from metabolic syndrome, the doctor will also consider recommending them to perform weight loss metabolic surgery.

“目前，减重代谢手术都是全微创手术，病人的痛苦小，手术风险也小。从长远来看，尽管术后患者的体重会有一定程度的反弹，但只要保持科学合理的饮食和生活习惯，这种反弹它就是有限的，同时也会极大地延长患者的健康寿命。” 童卫东说。

"At present, weight loss and metabolic surgery are all minimally invasive surgery, the patient’s pain is small, and the surgical risk is also small. In the long run, although the weight of the patient will rebound to a certain extent after the operation, as long as the diet and scientifically reasonable Living habits, this kind of rebound is limited, and it will also greatly extend the healthy lifespan of patients." Tong Weidong said.

 

From website: http://www.xinhuanet.com/v