印度的种姓制度，比我们认知的更严重，出生就决定了命运

 

一说起印度，我们第一印象是人很多，还有喝牛尿防治疫情。为何会有一些我们看起来很奇特的事情发生呢？这跟认识水平有关系，更跟种姓制度、种姓文化有很大的关系。

Speaking of India, our first impression is that there are many people, and we drink cow urine to prevent the epidemic. Why do things that seem strange to us happen? This has something to do with the level of knowledge, and it has a lot to do with the caste system and caste culture.

我们都知道印度有种姓制度，分成了四个阶级，分别是婆罗门、刹帝利、吠舍、首陀罗。

We all know that India has a caste system, divided into four classes, namely Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaisha, and Sudra.

印度古经《梨俱吠陀》中对这个几个种姓的解释，在这个典籍中，创世神梵天创造了原人普鲁沙，而普鲁沙的身体则分化成四种等级的人，

The ancient Indian scripture "Rigveda" explains these castes. In this text, the creation god Brahma created the original man Prusha, and Prusha's body is divided into four levels of people.

他的嘴变成了最高贵的“婆罗门”，负责祭祀；

His mouth became the noblest "Brahman", responsible for offering sacrifices;

胳膊演化成排名第二的“刹帝利”，负责管理国家；

The arm evolved into the second-ranked "Kshatriya", responsible for managing the country;

大腿变成了“吠舍”，他们这负责经商劳作；

The thighs have become "Vasyas", they are responsible for business and labor;

两只脚就变成了“首陀罗”，这都是从事最辛苦的工作的人。

Both feet become "Sudhara", these are the people who do the hardest work.

印度的种姓制度起源于，公元前1500年，中亚的雅利安人入侵，雅利安人为了巩固自己的统治地位，建立了种姓制度，但当时只是一种教义。其主要目的是为了保障雅利安人在古印度地域里的权益和地位，让作为受害者的古印度人承认侵略者的合法性。

The caste system in India originated from the Aryan invasion of Central Asia in 1500 BC. In order to consolidate their dominant position, the Aryans established a caste system, but it was just a doctrine at that time. Its main purpose is to protect the rights and status of the Aryans in the ancient Indian region, so that the ancient Indians as victims recognize the legitimacy of the aggressor.

后边因为印度的特殊的地理环境，又经历了各个外来族群的侵略和统治，虽然统治阶级的人换了，但是落后的种姓制度却被一代代保留并得到了发扬光大。

Later, because of India's special geographical environment, it has experienced aggression and domination by various foreign ethnic groups. Although the ruling class has changed, the backward caste system has been retained and carried forward from generation to generation.

在古代印度时期，统治者通过种姓制度的手段，达到有效治理当地印度人民的目的，防止普通老百姓有机会接触财富、权力、地位，并且逐渐把这种制度严格的规范出了很多的不合理规则。

In ancient India, rulers used the caste system to effectively govern the local Indian people, preventing ordinary people from having access to wealth, power, and status, and gradually regulated this system with many unreasonable rules. .

Those that are suitable for the ruling class are adopted, and those that are not suitable are discarded.

当时的4个种姓制度，经过长期的固化分层，印度的社会被种姓制度，如今的四大种姓又根据人们从事的具体职业，细分为3000个种姓和25000个亚种姓。

The four caste systems at that time, after a long period of solidification and stratification, India’s society is under the caste system. Today, the four castes are subdivided into 3,000 castes and 25,000 sub-castes based on the specific occupations people are engaged in.

这个真的是传承悠久啊，不像我们中国古代的皇帝，大家都有皇帝轮流做，今年到我家的想法。

This is really a long heritage. Unlike our ancient Chinese emperors, everyone has the idea of ​​the emperor taking turns to come to my house this year.

Therefore, in China's feudal society, calming down the turmoil is an indispensable thing in the long years of the feudal dynasty.

后又随着印度社会的发展，又发展出了最后的一个等级“贱民”，叫做达利特，也就是第五等级的人，被称达利特(Dalits)或“不可触碰者”，从事清扫街道、活化尸体等工作。

Later, with the development of Indian society, the last level of "untouchables" was developed, called Dalits, which is the fifth level of people, called Dalits or "Untouchables". Engaged in cleaning the streets and revitalizing dead bodies.

印度的种姓制度，建立了一套关于清洁与不洁的程序，从高到低，从上到下，从结婚到死亡，对各个种姓的生活都有详细的规定，并且这种规定成为了人们从小到大刻在脑海里的东西，基于宗教，更基于印度的文化。

The caste system in India has established a set of procedures for cleanliness and uncleanliness. From high to low, from top to bottom, from marriage to death, there are detailed regulations on the life of each caste, and this kind of regulation has become people The things that have been engraved in my mind since childhood are based on religion, and more based on Indian culture.

宗教和文化的话语权从印度自古以来都掌握在高种姓的手里，并且高种姓可以享受各种特权，犯罪还不会被惩罚，1950年印度独立后，这条得到了改善，但是基于种姓制度的不平等和贱民遭受迫害的惨案依然层出不穷。

The right to speak of religion and culture has been in the hands of high castes since ancient times in India, and high castes can enjoy various privileges, and crimes will not be punished. After India’s independence in 1950, this article has been improved, but it is based on castes. System inequality and tragedies of persecution of untouchables continue to emerge one after another.

为了保证低种姓的人不反抗，印度教教义规定，只要今生安心作为一个低种姓不反抗，那么来世就可以做高种姓的人了。

In order to ensure that people of lower castes do not resist, Hindu doctrine stipulates that as long as you are at ease as a lower caste in this life and do not resist, then you can be a higher caste in the next life.

但是高种姓的人生下来就是高种姓，低种姓的人生下来就是低种姓，因为每个种姓里面还细分了很多阶层，所以高种姓的人鄙视低种姓的人，低种姓的人鄙视更低种姓的人，也有着阶层分明的鄙视链，每个阶层几乎都有着可以鄙视的群体，但却没有考虑这种制度的不合理。

However, high caste people are born with high caste, while low caste people are born with low caste. Because each caste is subdivided into many classes, high caste people despise low caste people, while low caste people despise lower caste people. There is also a hierarchy of contempt chain, and almost every class has groups that can be despised, But it did not consider the irrationality of this system.

比如种姓制度之间严禁跨阶层通婚，后边有一些改变，高种姓的男子可以娶低种姓的女子，但是高种姓的女子严禁嫁给低种姓的男子，否则就会在印度被谋杀，这种谋杀在印度被称为荣誉谋杀，当地的政府是不管荣誉谋杀案的。甚至认为这种谋杀合法。

For example, cross class intermarriage is strictly prohibited among caste systems. There are some changes in the latter. Men with high caste can marry women with low caste, but women with high caste are strictly forbidden to marry men with low caste. Otherwise, they will be murdered in India. This kind of murder is called honor murder in India, and the local government does not care about honor murder. It's even considered legal.

放眼世界各个国家或地区，在过去的历史当中，也都曾经出现过与古印度种姓制度类似的社会现象，也给当地人民肉体与心理上带来沉重的打击。由于古代印度社会时期一直流传下来的种姓制度，对于现代社会制度来说，有很多的规则已经是不符合伦理道德的。虽然在过往的旧传统制度之下，是非常合适当时的统治者，依据种姓制度来有效地榨取老百姓的财产，但回归到现代文明社会中，许多国家均提倡每个公民都应有同等的公民权利与合理地追求公平的方式。

In the past, the countries and regions in the world have also appeared similar social phenomena to the caste system of ancient India, which also brought a heavy blow to the local people physically and mentally. Due to the caste system that has been handed down in ancient Indian society, there are many rules that are not ethical for modern social system. Although it was very suitable for the rulers at that time under the old traditional system to extract the common people's property effectively according to the caste system, many countries advocated that every citizen should have the same civil rights and reasonable pursuit of fairness in the modern civilized society.

高种姓的人也会为了自己的利益，虽然印度说现在各种姓是平等的，但是作为既得利益者，因为这相当于砸他们自己和子孙后代的饭碗，像阿米尔汗这样致力于推动印度的进步的人毕竟是少数。

The high caste people will also be in their own interests. Although India says that all surnames are equal now, as vested interests, it is equivalent to smashing their own and future generations' jobs. After all, there are a few people who are committed to promoting India's progress, such as Amir Khan.

正是像阿米尔汗的人这样的存在，印度的种姓制度以及保护妇女权益方面有了一些好的发展，米粒之光也能放光辉。

It is the presence of Amir Khan that India has made some good progress in caste system and protection of women's rights and interests, and the light of rice grains can shine.

那些低种姓的人里面隐藏了多少艺术家，因为当地不允许贱民阶层学习文化，造成了他们失去了本该属于他们的机会，生生世世遭受着贫困的折磨，印度贱民阶层，更是阶级固化的一个明证。

How many artists are hidden among those who have low castes, because the local people do not allow the base class to study culture, which has resulted in their loss of their opportunities, suffering from poverty for the whole life, and the Indian base class is a proof of class solidity.

保证每个公民的机会平等，才是最重要的事情，这也对我们的国家有一些借鉴和防范意义。

It is the most important thing to ensure equal opportunities for every citizen, which has some reference and preventive significance for our country.

From website: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/