泰国能否成为承接中国制造业迁移的最佳国家？

 

近年来，在劳动成本和关税上升的局势下，许多国内甚至国际企业开始把生产基地转移到东南亚国家，尤以泰国为主。为了维持利润，企业把生产转移至成本相对低廉的地区，也得到了政府的支持。转移，是为了更好地发展。那么，在当今的社会背景下，泰国在多大程度上可以承接中国的制造业？是值得中国企业注意的问题。本期文章，我们从人口数量和结构、劳动力成本、工作效率、交通基础设施、土地成本、税负成本、物流成本等方面，看看东南亚能在多大程度承接产业转移，哪些企业转移的动力更强。

In recent years, in the face of rising labor costs and tariffs, many domestic and even international companies have begun to transfer their production bases to Southeast Asian countries, especially Thailand. In order to maintain profits, companies have moved production to areas with relatively low costs, and they have also received government support. Transfer is for better development. So, under the current social background, to what extent can Thailand undertake Chinese manufacturing? It is a problem worthy of Chinese enterprises' attention. In this issue of the article, we look at the extent to which Southeast Asia can undertake industrial transfer from the aspects of population and structure, labor costs, work efficiency, transportation infrastructure, land costs, tax costs, logistics costs, etc., and which companies are more motivated to transfer Strong.

首先，泰国人口年龄及结构均比中国强，劳动力丰富。劳动力成本和税负的投资成本较低，中国企业税费负担与企业利润比重达65%，因此泰国在此方面具有相对优势，同时投资的企业最高可享有“八免五减半”年的投资优惠政策。

First of all, Thailand's population is stronger in age and structure than China, and its labor force is abundant. Labor costs and tax burdens are relatively low in investment costs. The tax burden of Chinese companies accounts for 65% of corporate profits. Therefore, Thailand has a comparative advantage in this regard. At the same time, companies that invest in can enjoy up to "eight exemptions and five halves" for a year of investment Preferential policies.

一个国家的基础设施水平是吸引制造业投资的一个重要因素，一方面便捷的交通可以提供原材料进口和产品出口的通道，另一方面可以节约进出口成本和时间成本。综合来看，泰国的基础设施如铁路、道路、水运、航空、通信、供电、供水等，相对比较完善，根据2020年《全球竞争力报告》多项指标打分显示，泰国基础设施得分排名较为领先。

The level of infrastructure in a country is an important factor in attracting investment in the manufacturing industry. On the one hand, convenient transportation can provide access to raw material imports and product exports, and on the other hand, it can save import and export costs and time costs. On the whole, Thailand’s infrastructure such as railways, roads, water transportation, aviation, communications, power supply, water supply, etc., is relatively complete. According to the scores of multiple indicators in the 2020 Global Competitiveness Report, Thailand’s infrastructure scores are relatively leading .

那么，哪些企业转移的动力较强？综合了人口结构、工作效率，基础设施水平、成本、社会稳定性等五方面来看，泰国主要是劳动成本和税负成本方面相对中国可能有比较明显的优势，从这个角度来看，人工成本较高和税负成本较高的行业或转移的动力较强，因此，仪器仪表制造、汽车制造业及配套产业、文娱用品制造、 医药制造、纺织服装、印染制品、纺织业、石油制品加工、通信设备和计算机行业等行业，适合转移。

So, which companies are more motivated to transfer? Considering the five aspects of population structure, work efficiency, infrastructure level, cost, and social stability, Thailand may have obvious advantages over China in terms of labor costs and tax burden costs. From this perspective, labor costs Industries with higher tax burdens and higher tax costs may have stronger transfer incentives. Therefore, instrumentation manufacturing, automobile manufacturing and supporting industries, recreational products manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, textiles and clothing, printing and dyeing products, textile industry, petroleum products processing, Industries such as communications equipment and computer industries are suitable for transfer.

From website: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/