译语翻译分享-喝茶不养生 还可能致癌？50万中国人研究：喝茶与多种癌症相关

 

今年3月11日，北京大学公共卫生学院李立明教授团队的慢性病前瞻性研究正式发表，该研究涉及50多万人，包含糖尿病人和无糖尿病人。分析数据后发现，健康人群每天喝绿茶，可以有效预防糖尿病。此外，糖尿病人每天喝绿茶，也可以降低死亡风险。

On March 11 this year, a prospective study on chronic diseases by the team of Professor Li Liming of the School of Public Health of Peking University was officially published. The study involved more than 500,000 people, including diabetic and non-diabetic people. After analyzing the data, it is found that healthy people drink green tea every day, which can effectively prevent diabetes. In addition, people with diabetes who drink green tea every day can also reduce the risk of death.

从具体数据来看，在健康人群中，每天喝茶的人与不喝茶的人相比，糖尿病风险降低8%。在糖尿病人群中，每天喝茶的人微血管并发症风险下降了12%，全因死亡风险下降了10%。

From the specific data, among healthy people, people who drink tea every day have an 8% lower risk of diabetes compared with people who do not drink tea. Among people with diabetes, those who drink tea every day have a 12% reduction in the risk of microvascular complications, and a 10% reduction in the risk of all-cause death.

不过，研究人员强调，在每天喝茶的人中，只有喝绿茶的人才有上述获益。

However, the researchers emphasized that among the people who drink tea every day, only those who drink green tea have the above benefits.

一直以来，说到喝茶的好处都少不了“防癌”二字，那么喝茶到底能不能防癌呢？

For a long time, when it comes to the benefits of drinking tea, the word "anti-cancer" is indispensable. Can drinking tea prevent cancer?

目前，已经有大量研究证实，茶中含有的多酚类物质可以预防癌症。《Nature Communications》上发表的一项研究显示，从茶叶中分离得到的儿茶素类单体表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（简称EGCG），可能增强天然抗癌基因P53的活性。P53具有促进DNA修复、破坏癌细胞的功能，超过一半的癌症会出现P53突变。

At present, a large number of studies have confirmed that the polyphenols contained in tea can prevent cancer. A study published in "Nature Communications" showed that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a catechin monomer isolated from tea, may enhance the activity of the natural anti-cancer gene P53. P53 has the function of promoting DNA repair and destroying cancer cells. More than half of cancers will have P53 mutations.

当然，喝茶防癌不是绝对的，也有研究表明喝茶可能会致癌。

Of course, drinking tea to prevent cancer is not absolute. Studies have also shown that drinking tea may cause cancer.

2019年，北京大学公共卫生学院李立明教授团队在《欧洲流行病学杂志》发表文章，该研究在50多万中国人喝茶的数据基础上，分析了喝茶与癌症之间的关系。结果发现，喝茶主要与肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌，以及女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌的发病率有关，但这种关联性并非防癌，而是致癌。

In 2019, the team of Professor Li Liming from the School of Public Health of Peking University published an article in the European Journal of Epidemiology. The study analyzed the relationship between tea drinking and cancer based on the data of more than 500,000 Chinese drinking tea. It was found that drinking tea was mainly related to lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and the incidence of breast and cervical cancer in women, but this correlation was not cancer prevention, but carcinogenesis.

分析结果显示，每天使用茶叶4g以上的人，与每周喝茶不足一次的人相比，癌症的发生风险增加了26%。其中，肺癌的发生风险增加了62%，胃癌的发生风险增加了29%。同时研究人员还发现，喝茶致癌可能与喝茶的人往往也吸烟、喝酒密切相关。

The results of the analysis showed that people who consumed more than 4g of tea a day had a 26% increase in cancer risk compared with those who drank tea less than once a week. Among them, the risk of lung cancer has increased by 62%, and the risk of gastric cancer has increased by 29%. At the same time, researchers also found that the cancer caused by drinking tea may be closely related to the fact that tea drinkers often smoke and drink alcohol.

不管喝茶防不防癌，可以明确的是，茶是世界上最健康的饮料之一。多项研究表明，经常喝茶或许有助于控制慢性病，降低心脑血管发病和死亡率。不过，要想获得喝茶的好处，前提是学会正确喝茶。

Regardless of whether drinking tea prevents cancer or not, it is clear that tea is one of the healthiest beverages in the world. A number of studies have shown that regular tea may help control chronic diseases and reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. However, in order to get the benefits of drinking tea, the premise is to learn to drink tea correctly.

根据2017年的统计数据，全世界新发食道癌病例47.3万例，死亡病例43.6万例，其中中国新发食道癌病例23.5万例，死亡病例21.3万例，将近50%的病例发生在中国。

According to statistics in 2017, there were 473,000 new esophageal cancer cases and 436,000 deaths worldwide. Among them, 235,000 new esophageal cancer cases and 213,000 deaths occurred in China. Nearly 50% of the cases occurred in China.

专家认为，在世界范围内，食道癌的主要风险因素有吸烟、饮酒、肥胖等。但在中国，除了上述风险因素之外，食道癌的高发还与饮食习惯密切相关

Experts believe that worldwide, the main risk factors for esophageal cancer are smoking, drinking, and obesity. But in China, in addition to the above risk factors, the high incidence of esophageal cancer is also closely related to eating habits

Therefore, if you want to reap the benefits of drinking tea, you must drink less hot tea and strong tea to minimize the harm.

有充足的证据表明，每天喝700毫升以上、温度大于60℃热茶的人，患食道癌的风险比每天喝700毫升以下、温度低于60℃热茶的人高90%。因此，世卫组织将“超过65℃的任何饮料”列入了2A级致癌物。

There is ample evidence that people who drink more than 700 ml of hot tea at a temperature greater than 60°C a day have a 90% higher risk of esophageal cancer than those who drink hot tea below 700 ml a day at a temperature of less than 60°C. Therefore, the WHO has listed "any beverage above 65°C" as a Class 2A carcinogen.

此外，长期喝浓茶也会增加癌症风险。茶中含有咖啡因，尤其是浓茶的咖啡因含量更多，会对上消化道粘膜产生强烈刺激，导致粘膜病变，促进胃癌、食道癌的发生。

In addition, long-term drinking of strong tea will also increase the risk of cancer. Tea contains caffeine, especially strong tea has more caffeine content, which will strongly stimulate the upper gastrointestinal mucosa, cause mucosal lesions, and promote the occurrence of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer.

From website: https://www.hqck.net/