美媒：黑洞能量造福人类不再是科幻

参考消息网月20日报道 美国《科学日报》网站1月13日刊载题为《我们能利用来自黑洞的能量吗？》的文章，文章介绍了一种提取黑洞能量的新方法。全文摘编如下：1

Reference News Network reported on January 20. The US "Science Daily" website published on January 13 entitled "Can We Use Energy from Black Holes?" "The article introduces a new method of extracting black hole energy. The full text is excerpted as follows:

爱因斯坦的广义相对论——即将空间、时间和引力相联系的理论——有一个引人注目的预测，那就是，旋转的黑洞有巨大的能量可供利用。

Einstein's general theory of relativity—the theory that relates space, time, and gravity—has a striking prediction that a rotating black hole has a huge amount of energy available.

在过去50年里，科学家们一直尝试提出释放这种能量的方法。诺贝尔物理学奖得主罗杰·彭罗斯对分解粒子可以从黑洞中获取能量作了理论说明。著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金提出，黑洞可以通过量子力学排放来释放能量。天体物理学家罗杰·布兰福德和罗曼·兹纳耶克则提出电磁转矩是实现能量提取的重要因素。

In the past 50 years, scientists have been trying to come up with ways to release this energy. Roger Penrose, the Nobel Laureate in Physics, gave a theoretical explanation of how energy can be obtained from black holes by decomposing particles. The famous physicist Stephen Hawking proposed that black holes can release energy through quantum mechanical emissions. Astrophysicists Roger Branford and Roman Znayek proposed that electromagnetic torque is an important factor for energy extraction.

现在，在发表于美国《物理评论D》杂志的一项研究中，哥伦比亚大学物理学家卢卡·科米索和智利阿道弗·伊瓦涅斯大学的费利佩·阿森霍找到了一种新方法，通过打破并重新连接黑洞视界附近的磁场线来从黑洞提取能量，视界中的任何东西，甚至光，都无法逃脱黑洞的引力。

Now, in a study published in the American Journal of Physical Review D, Columbia University physicist Luca Comiso and Felipe Asenjo of Adolfo Ibanez University in Chile found a A new method to extract energy from a black hole by breaking and reconnecting the magnetic field lines near the black hole’s horizon. Nothing in the horizon, even light, can escape the black hole’s gravitational pull.

这项研究的第一作者科米索说：“黑洞通常被带有磁场的等离子体粒子构成的灼热的‘汤’所包围。”

Comiso, the first author of the study, said: "Black holes are usually surrounded by a hot "soup" of plasma particles with a magnetic field."

科米索说：“我们的理论显示，如果磁力线以正确的方式断开并重接，它们能使等离子体粒子加速为负能量，而大量的黑洞能量就能被提取。”

 Comiso said: "Our theory shows that if the magnetic field lines are disconnected and reconnected in the correct way, they can accelerate the plasma particles to negative energy, and a large amount of black hole energy can be extracted."

科米索说，这一发现可以让天文学家更好地估计黑洞的旋转，推动黑洞能量的排放，甚至可能提供能源，以满足某个先进文明的需要。

Comiso said that this discovery allows astronomers to better estimate the rotation of black holes, promote the emission of black hole energy, and may even provide energy to meet the needs of an advanced civilization.

科米索和阿森霍的理论建立在重接磁场会朝两个方向为等离子体粒子加速的前提上。一个等离子体流会被推向同黑洞旋转方向相反的方向，另一个等离子体流则沿着黑洞旋转的方向受到推动，并可能避开黑洞的钳制，如果黑洞吞噬的等离子体具有负能量，黑洞就会释放能量。

Comiso and Asenho’s theory is based on the premise that reconnection of the magnetic field will accelerate plasma particles in two directions. One plasma stream will be pushed in the direction opposite to the direction of the black hole's rotation, and the other plasma stream will be pushed along the direction of the black hole's rotation, and may avoid the black hole's clamp. If the black hole swallows the plasma with negative energy, the black hole Will release energy.

科米索说：“这就好比一个人可以通过食用含负卡路里的糖果来减肥。”他解释说，本质上，黑洞会通过吞下负能量粒子而失去能量。他说：“这听起来可能很奇怪，但这可能在一个称为‘能层’的区域中发生，那里的时空连续体旋转得非常快，以至于所有物体都朝着与黑洞同样的方向旋转。”

Comiso said: "It's like a person can lose weight by eating candies with negative calories." He explained that in essence, black holes lose energy by swallowing negative energy particles. He said: "This may sound strange, but it may happen in an area called the'energy horizon', where the space-time continuum rotates so fast that all objects rotate in the same direction as the black hole. ."

在能层内，磁场重接是如此极端，以至于等离子体粒子会加速到接近光速。

In the energy layer, the magnetic reconnection is so extreme that plasma particles will accelerate to close to the speed of light.

阿道弗·伊瓦涅斯大学物理学教授、该研究的作者之一阿森霍解释说，被捕获的等离子体流和逃逸的等离子体流之间较高的相对速度，使得有关过程能从黑洞中提取大量能量。

Asenho, a professor of physics at Adolfo Ibanez University and one of the authors of the study, explained that the high relative velocity between the captured plasma stream and the escaped plasma stream allows the process to escape from the black hole. Extract a lot of energy from it.

阿森霍说：“我们计算得出，等离子体能量化过程的效率可以达到150%，远远高于地球上任何发电站的效率。实现100%以上的效率是可能的，因为黑洞会泄漏能量，而能量将无偿提供给逃离黑洞的等离子体。”

Asenho said: "We have calculated that the efficiency of the plasma energization process can reach 150%, which is much higher than the efficiency of any power station on the earth. It is possible to achieve an efficiency of more than 100%, because black holes leak energy, and Energy will be provided free of charge to the plasma escaping from the black hole."

科米索和阿森霍设想的能量提取过程可能已经在许多黑洞中运作。这也许就是导致黑洞耀发的原因。黑洞耀发就是能从地球上探测到的一阵阵有力的辐射迸发。

The energy extraction process envisioned by Comiso and Asenjo may already be operating in many black holes. This may be the cause of the black hole flaring. Black hole flares are bursts of powerful radiation that can be detected from the earth.

虽然这听起来像科幻小说，但从黑洞中获取能量可能是解决我们未来电力需求的办法。

Although this sounds like science fiction, getting energy from black holes may be the solution to our future electricity needs.

科米索说：“人类或许有能力在不利用恒星能源的情况下，在黑洞周边生存下来。这基本上是一个技术问题。从物理学角度看，这没有障碍。”

Comiso said: "Humans may be able to survive around black holes without using stellar energy. This is basically a technical problem. From a physics point of view, there is no obstacle."

 

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