译语翻译分享-强迫症的临床表现有哪些?

强迫症的临床表现有哪些?

What are the clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

强迫症的基本症状是强迫观念和强迫动作，患者可仅有强迫观念或强迫动作，或既有强迫观念又有强迫动作。患者能充分地认识到这种强迫观念和强迫动作是不必要的，但却不能以主观意志加以控制。由于强迫症状的出现，患者可伴有明显不安和烦恼，但有强烈的求治欲望、自知力保持完整。临床上根据其表现，大体可将强迫症划分为强迫观念及强迫行为两类。

The basic symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder are obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions. Patients may have only obsessive thoughts or compulsive actions, or both obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions. Patients can fully realize that such obsessions and compulsive actions are unnecessary, but they cannot be controlled by subjective will. Due to the appearance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, patients may be accompanied by obvious anxiety and annoyance, but there is a strong desire for treatment and self-knowledge to remain intact. According to its clinical manifestations, obsessive-compulsive disorder can be roughly divided into obsessive-compulsive concepts and compulsive behaviors.

 (1)强迫观念 表现为反复而持久的观念、思想、印象或冲动念头。力图摆脱，但为摆脱不了而紧张烦恼、心烦意乱、焦虑不安和出现一些躯体症状。强迫观念可有下面几种表现形式。

(1) Obsessive-compulsive ideas are expressed as repeated and lasting ideas, thoughts, impressions or impulsive thoughts. Trying to get rid of, but being nervous, upset, anxious, and showing some physical symptoms to get rid of it. Obsessions can have the following manifestations.

①强迫思想：强迫性怀疑，患者对已完成的事情总是放心不下，要反复多次检查确实无误后才能放下心来。如怀疑是否关好门窗，准备投寄的信是否已写好地址，煤气是否已关好等等，在怀疑的同时常伴有明显的焦虑；强迫性回忆，患者对过去的经历、往事等反复回忆，虽知毫无实际意义，但总是反复回萦于脑中，无法摆脱，因而感到厌烦之极。如回忆已讲过的话用词、语气是否恰当等；强迫联想，当患者听到、见到或想到某一事物时，就不由自主地联想起一些令人不愉快或不祥的情景，如见到有人抽烟就想到火灾；强迫性穷思竭虑，患者对一些毫无现实意义的问题，总是无休止地思考下去，尽管患者的逻辑推理正常，自知力也完整，也知道没有必要深究，但无法克制。如天为什么要下雨?人为什么要吃饭?地球为什么是圆的?等等。

① Obsessive thoughts: Obsessive suspicion. Patients always feel uneasy about what has been done. They have to repeatedly check to be correct before they can feel relieved. If you doubt whether the doors and windows are closed, whether the letter to be posted has been addressed, whether the gas is turned off, etc., doubts are often accompanied by obvious anxiety; obsessive recollection, the patient repeats the past experience, past events, etc. Memories, although knowing that they have no practical meaning, are always lingering in the mind repeatedly, unable to get rid of it, so I feel extremely bored. Such as recalling the words used in the words and whether the tone is appropriate, etc.; forced association, when the patient hears, sees or thinks of something, he can not help but think of some unpleasant or ominous scenes, such as seeing someone smoking Just think of fire; compulsively and exhaustively, the patient always thinks endlessly about some meaningless problems. Although the patient's logical reasoning is normal and his insight is complete, he also knows that there is no need to go into it, but he cannot restrain it. . Why does it rain? Why do people eat? Why is the earth round? Wait.

②强迫意向：患者在出现某种正常心理时常出现相反的违背自己的内心意愿，虽然这种相反的意愿十分强烈，但从不会付诸行动。如过马路时，想到冲向正在驶过的汽车等等。

②Compulsive intention: When the patient has a certain normal mentality, he often appears contrary to his inner will. Although this opposite will is very strong, it never takes action. For example, when crossing the road, thinking of rushing towards a passing car, etc.

③强迫情绪：患者对某些事物感到厌恶或担心，明知根本无必要却不能克制。例如，担心自己会伤害别人，担心自己会说错话，担心自己受到毒物的污染或细菌的侵袭等。

③Compulsive emotion: The patient feels disgusted or worried about certain things, knowing that it is not necessary at all but cannot restrain it. For example, worry that you will hurt others, worry that you will say the wrong thing, worry that you will be contaminated by poisons or attacked by bacteria.

(2)强迫动作 又称强迫行为。

(2) Forced action is also called compulsive action.

①强迫洗涤：常见有强迫洗手、洗衣等。如有位医院挂号员，她认为接触一些肿瘤病人的门诊卡可以“传染”到肿瘤，如她的手再接触到家门把手，则认为会间接传染给自己家人。于是每次下班回家总是喊家人开门，她则高举双手进入，然后反复洗手，内、外衣服全部换洗，直到深更半夜才吃点夜餐就寝。

① Forced washing: forced hand washing and laundry are common. If there is a hospital attendant, she thinks that contact with some cancer patients' outpatient cards can "infect" the tumor, if her hand touches the door handle, she thinks it will indirectly infect her family. So every time she goes home from get off work, she always asks her family to open the door. She raises her hands to enter, and then washes her hands repeatedly, changing all the clothes inside and outside, until late at night before eating dinner and going to bed.

②强迫检查：是患者为减轻强迫怀疑引起的焦虑不安而采取的措施，如出门时反复检查门窗是否关好，寄信时反复检查信中的内容，看是否写错了字等等。

②Compulsive examination: It is the measures taken by the patient to reduce the anxiety caused by the obsessive suspicion, such as repeatedly checking whether doors and windows are closed when going out, checking the content of the letter repeatedly when sending a letter, and seeing whether it has written a wrong word, etc.

③强迫性仪式动作：患者总是做一些具有象征性福祸凶吉的固定动作，试图以此来减轻或防止强迫观念所引起的焦虑不安，如以手拍胸部，以示可逢凶化吉等。

③Compulsive ritual actions: The patient always does some fixed actions with symbolic blessings and bad luck, trying to reduce or prevent the anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts, such as patting the chest with a hand to show that it can be a good thing. Wait.

④强迫计数：患者见到某些具体对象

④Forced counting: the patient saw some specific objects

 (如电杆、台阶、汽车、牌照等)时，不可克制地计数，如不计数，患者就会感到焦虑不安。

(Such as electric poles, steps, cars, license plates, etc.), count without restraint. If you don't count, the patient will feel anxious.

强迫症状有时严重，有时减轻。当患者心情欠佳、傍晚、疲劳或体弱多病时较为严重。女性患者在月经期间，强迫症状可加重。而在患者心情愉快、精力旺盛或工作、学习紧张时，强迫症状可减轻。

Sometimes obsessive-compulsive symptoms are severe and sometimes lessened. It is more serious when the patient is in a bad mood, in the evening, tired or frail. In female patients, obsessive-compulsive symptoms can get worse during menstruation. When the patient is happy, energetic, or stressful at work or study, obsessive-compulsive symptoms can be reduced.

 

From website：https://zhidao.baidu.com/